According to the most reliable biographical dictionaries and theater historians, (then part of the Russian Empire) around 1874.
Her career took her across the Atlantic. By the early 1900s, she was a major star on New York’s Second Avenue, the "Yiddish Rialto." She performed in operettas and comedies, often alongside her husband, the composer and conductor Arnold Perlmutter. Together, they were among the highest-paid acts in the Yiddish theater world.
While remains a persistent footnote in some accounts—likely due to its reputation as a historic hub of Hasidic Judaism and Yiddish culture, which would fit the "type" of a traditional Jewish performer’s origin—the consensus among scholars points firmly to the Black Sea port of Odesa .
However, the record is not without its contradictions. Some sources, likely conflating her early career with that of other traveling Yiddish performers, cite (another major center of Jewish culture in present-day Ukraine) as her birthplace. Others simply list her as being from "Podolia" (a historical region of Ukraine) without naming a specific city. The confusion is typical of the era, where birth records for Jewish performers were often poorly kept or lost to the upheavals of revolution and war.
While some sources mention Berdychiv, the majority of historical evidence indicates that male impersonator Pepi Litman was born in Odesa, Ukraine . Note: As with many figures from early Yiddish theater, primary documents are scarce. This article reflects the best available scholarly consensus.
